Prayer is not the same thing as liturgy. They are related, of course: the words in the prayer book are the form in which Jewish communities worship. But reciting the text of the siddur is not itself an act of prayer. Genuine tefillah is a turning toward God in love, awe, hope and gratitude, amplified… Read more »

Tefillah is a poetry recitation accompanied by a few cool dance moves. In the ritualized choreography of communal worship, we sit, we stand, we sway. And we bow. A standard time to bow is ברכו/Barekhu, which transitions from the introductory sections to the formal liturgy: the three biblical passages of the שמע ישראל/Shema Israel and… Read more »

After months of Tefillah Tuesday journeys through the prayer book, we’ve reached the formal beginning of שחרית, the morning service, with the section of “Shema and blessings,” which begins in fanfare and grandeur: the call to prayer, ברכו, [Barekhu, or “Proclaim Blessing!”] The prayer leader announces: “Proclaim Blessing to Adonay, the Blessed!” The congregation replies:… Read more »

Pesukei d’Zimra is bracketed with two post-Talmudic blessings [first attested in the early Medieveal prayer books of R. Saadia Gaon and R. Amram Gaon]: Barukh She’amar which opens the section and we have now reached Yishtabah, which concludes it. Although Yishtabah reached the siddur later, this blessing has a couple of unusual features – especially… Read more »

עד יעבור עמך ה’ עד יעבור עם זו קנית Ad yaavor amekha, Adonay, ad yaavoram zu kanita, “Until Your people crosses over, O Lord, until this people You created crosses over.” Toward the end of the Shirat HaYam we find this apostrophe [the fancy word for an exclaimed address] toward God, anticipating that Israel will “cross over” something. What exactly does this verse address?… Read more »